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@InProceedings{ISMAR21-p3dl, 
  author =      {Farzana Alam Khan and Veera Venkata Ram Murali Krishna Rao Muvva
                 and Dennis Wu and Mohammed Safayet Arefin and Nate Phillips and
                 J. Edward {Swan~II}},
  title =       {Measuring the Perceived Three-Dimensional Location of Virtual
                 Objects in Optical See-Through Augmented Reality},
  booktitle =   {IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality
                 (ISMAR 2021)},
  year =        2021,
  location =    {Bari, Italy},
  publisher =   {IEEE Computer Society}, 
  date =        {October 4--8}, 
  month =       {October}, 
  pages =       {109--117},
  note =        {DOI: <a target="_blank"
                 href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ISMAR52148.2021.00025">10.1109/ISMAR52148.2021.00025</a>.} 
  abstract =    {
For optical see-through augmented reality (AR), a new method for measuring the 
perceived three-dimensional location of virtual objects is presented, where 
participants verbally report a virtual object's location relative to both a 
vertical and horizontal grid.  The method is tested with a small (1.95 x 1.95 x 
1.95 cm) virtual object at distances of 50 to 80 cm, viewed through a Microsoft 
HoloLens 1st generation AR display.  Two experiments examine two different 
virtual object designs, whether turning in a circle between reported object 
locations disrupts HoloLens tracking, and whether accuracy errors, including a 
rightward bias and underestimated depth, might be due to systematic errors that 
are restricted to a particular display.  Turning in a circle did not disrupt 
HoloLens tracking, and testing with a second display did not suggest systematic 
errors restricted to a particular display.  Instead, the experiments are 
consistent with the hypothesis that, when looking downwards at a horizontal 
plane, HoloLens 1st generation displays exhibit a systematic rightward 
perceptual bias.  Precision analysis suggests that the method could measure the 
perceived location of a virtual object within an accuracy of less than 1 mm. 
}, 
}